By bus
Most places can be reached by bus, but this is an "experience" of its own, with borderline reckless drivers, worn-out and overcrowded vehicles, and long waits.
Rental Car
The roads in the north are generally rough. In the rainy season sections may become muddy and bridges may flood or collapse. Inspect any rental vehicle before taking it into the bush. Ensure that the tires -- including the spare -- are not too worn. Two spares are better than one, and a jack and wheel spanner are easily forgotten. Four-wheel drive is mandatory, and if you anticipate any mud, insist on a vehicle with a locking differential. Stick with diesel engines, because petrol gasoline is more difficult to find.Many Kampala-based drivers are unfamiliar with the north. Although they allow you to rest while traveling and may be helpful in the event of a breakdown, they are likely to be no more knowledgeable about directions than you.Any driver's license from your home country will be accepted here.
Rail
A rail line once reached from Mombasa to Arua. Remnants are still visible, and East African Community is currently mulling over a plan to rebuild it.
Air
Air travel is possible to a few destinations, including Arua, Pader and Gulu. Only Eagle Air has scheduled flights, and has been reducing its service. A chartered plane from Kajjansi or Entebbe can take you to many more destinations.